HomeMy WebLinkAbout1999 Two Way Street Conversion Study Phase I Shiawassee, Ionia and Wastenaw Str RFS#99-12TWO-WAY STREET CONVERSION STUDY: PHASE I
Shiawassee, Ionia and Washtenaw Streets
RFS# 99-12
City of Lansing
Department of Planning and
Neighborhood Development
Transportation and Parking Office
219 N. Grand Avenue
Lansing, MI 48933
September 1, 1999
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary
Introduction.......................................................... 1
Study Procedure...................................................... 1
Public Involvement ............................................... 2
Analysis....................................................... 3
Shiawassee Street .................................................... 3
Existing Conditions .............................................. 3
Proposed Layout ........... ........ ......................... 4
Impacts....................................................... 4
Ionia Street......................................................... 10
Existing Conditions ............................................. 10
Proposed Layout ................................................ 10 --
Impacts...................................... 10
Washtenaw Street ................................................... 16
Existing Conditions ............................................. 16
Proposed Layout ............................................... 16
Impacts...................................................... 16
Additional Impacts ................................................... 21
Emergency Response ........................................... 21
Traffic Operations & Safety ....................................... 21
Parking....................................................... 22
Bicycle Lanes .................................................. 23
Changes to North -South Streets ................................... 23
Implementation...................................................... 23
Recommendations and Conclusions ..................................... 24
Appendix
Resident Written Comments
Resident Verbal Comments - July 21, 1999 Meeting
Agency Responses
Existing Street Characteristics
Proposed Two -Way Lane Designations
Parking Space Comparison
Meter Utilization Data
Two-way Conversion Accident Analysis
Existing and Projected Traffic Volumes
r
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1
Washtenaw Existing and Proposed Layouts - MLK to Sycamore ...........
6
2
Washtenaw Existing and Proposed Layouts - Sycamore to Walnut .........
7
3
Washtenaw Existing and Proposed Layouts - Walnut to Capitol ...........
8
4
Washtenaw Existing and Proposed Layouts - Capitol to Grand ........., ...
9
5
Ionia Existing and Proposed Layouts - MLK to Sycamore ...............
12
6
Ionia Existing and Proposed Layouts - Sycamore to Walnut .............
13
7
Ionia Existing and -Proposed Layouts - Walnut to Capitol ................
14
8
Ionia Existing and Proposed Layouts - Capitol to Grand ................
15
9
Washtenaw Existing and Proposed Layouts - Sycamore to Walnut ........
18
10
Washtenaw Existing and Proposed Layouts - Walnut to Capitol ..........
19
11
Washtenaw Existing and Proposed Layouts - Capitol to Grand ...........
20
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 Shiawassee Street Peak Hour Capacity Analysis Results ................ 5
2 Ionia Street Peak Hour Capacity Analysis Results ..................... 11
3 Washtenaw Street Peak Hour Capacity Analysis Results ............... 17
4 Potential Reduction of Existing Accidents ............................ 21
5 Metered Parking Space Utilization ................................. 22
6 Projected Implementation Costs ................................... 24
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
In early 1999, the Department of Planning and Neighborhood Development completed
a Comprehensive Plan for Downtown Lansing. One of the recommendations contained
in the report was the conversion of a number of streets in the downtown from one-way
to two-way operation. These changes would make the area more accessible for local
residents and more driver friendly for visitors. The excess capacity in Lansing's
downtown roadway network creates an opportunity to improve access in the downtown
while still maintaining high levels of service during the off-peak hours and acceptable
levels of service during the peak hours.
At the request of the Planning Office, the Transportation and Parking Office evaluated
the operational impacts of the conversion of Shiawassee, Ionia, and Washtenaw
Streets between Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard and Grand Avenue as Phase I of the
two-way conversion project. Phase II of the project will involve evaluating the
- conversion of the remaining downtown one -way -streets to two-way operation.
Public Involvement and Review
In addition to the engineering impact analysis, this project has included an extensive
public/stakeholder involvement element. Approximately 300 flyers were mailed out to
residents and businesses on Shiawassee, Ionia, and Washtenaw Streets and to other
stakeholders for a July 21st public meeting. The Transportation and Parking Office has
also been in contact with the Lansing Fire and Police Departments, CATA, Lansing
Community College, and has made presentations to the Traffic and Planning Boards,
the Urban Development Committee, and the Principal Shopping District's Board of
Directors.
Comments received at these meetings and in writing have generally been supportive of
the conversion. Concerns raised include impacts that the proposed conversion would
have on: 1) vehicular and pedestrian safety, 2) parking, 3) traffic speeds and volumes,
4) cut -through traffic and 5) drug sales. A petition has also submitted by residents
primarily in the 700 - 1000 blocks of Shiawassee Street opposing the conversion.
Phase I of the two-way street conversion plan has been approved by the Traffic and
Planning Boards, and has been transmitted by the Mayor to the City Council for review
and consideration. Upon formal adoption by City Council, anticipated in September,
Shiawassee, Ionia, and Washtenaw Streets could be converted to two-way operation
during October/November 1999.
Procedure and Results
Phase I of this conversion project involved 1) collecting existing geometric data and
traffic volumes for all three streets, 2) plotting the existing street layouts and developing
proposed two-way layouts, and 3) reassigning traffic to the converted street network
and analyzing traffic operations with proposed layout. The proposed layout was
designed to maximize on -street parking and provide safe and efficient operation for all
roadway users. The addition of bicycle lanes to these streets was also investigated.
Analysis of the proposed layouts indicate that approximately 15 percent, or 51 on -street
metered parking spaces would' need to be removed to facilitate the conversion to two-
way traffic. Eleven spaces would need to be removed on Shiawassee, 39 on Ionia and
1 on Washtenaw. Capacity analyses of several key intersections on these three streets
indicate that the intersections should have adequate capacity to handle traffic during .
the peak hours and operate with increased but acceptable delays during the off-peak
hours. A review of accident records indicates several accident types that would be
correctable by conversion to two-way operation. The conversion would, however,
increase conflict points at intersections. No significant change in vehicle safety is
predicted as a result of the conversion. Emergency response and pedestrian safety
should not be negatively affected by the conversion.
Conclusions
The Transportation and Parking Office conducted this study to determine the -impacts
that the conversion of Shiawassee, Ionia and Washtenaw Streets between Martin
Luther King, Jr. Boulevard and Grand Avenue would have on'operations and safety for
all roadway users. Based on this analysis, the proposed layouts are predicted to
operate with low delays and at high levels of service during off-peak hours and at
acceptable levels of service during peak hours. Impacts on vehicle and pedestrian
safety are also predicted to be minimal. The losses in parking with the proposed plan
have been determined to be acceptable when balanced against the increased
residential character and accessibility afforded by two-way streets.
The provision of bicycle lanes on all three streets would require a significant reduction
in parking and was not deemed to be practical at this time. A pair of one-way bicycle
lanes on Kalamazoo and Washtenaw, however, appears to be possible with the loss of
some parking and one travel lane on Kalamazoo Street for several blocks, pending final
engineering analysis and design.
Based on the operational analyses conducted as part of the study, and after input and
consultation with stakeholders, the Transportation and Parking Office recommends the
conversion of Shiawassee, Ionia, and Washtenaw Streets from one-way to two-way
operation in the Fall of 1999. The study of the conversion of all other one-way streets
in the downtown area will begin during the Fall of 1999.
INTRODUCTION
The Department of Planning and Neighborhood Development completed the Downtown
Lansing Comprehensive Plan in early 1999. This plan evaluated the current conditions
in the downtown core area, developed a vision for the future, and recommended
numerous intermediate steps to help facilitate the realization of this plan. One of the
recommendations was the conversion of a number of streets in the downtown from
one-way to two-way operation. The rationale for changing the operation of these
streets was to increase accessibility to the downtown and provide the neighborhood
areas with more typical residential street configurations. These changes will also make
the area more driver friendly for out of town visitors and local residents. The
opportunity to change the one-way streets in downtown Lansing from to two-way
operation exists because, unlike many other cities across the country with one-way grid
patterns, there is currently a large amount of excess capacity in Lansing's downtown
roadway network. This creates an opportunity to improve access in the downtown while
still maintaining high levels of service during the off-peak hours and acceptable levels of
service during the peak hours.
The Transportation and Parking Office was asked to evaluate the operational impacts
on converting one-way streets to two-way operation. The conversion of Shiawassee,
Ionia, and Washtenaw Streets between Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard and Grand
Avenue is being investigated as Phase I of the two-way conversion project. These
streets were chosen as the first streets to be studied for conversion because the
Transportation and Parking Office staff felt that any operational challenges on these
streets could be resolved in a time frame that would still allow implementation in the Fall
of 1999. Phase II of the project will involve evaluating the conversion of the remaining
downtown one-way streets to two-way operation. The second phase will be much more
involved and require considerably more time for both analysis and implementation.
STUDY PROCEDURE
The Transportation and Parking Office has been working on plans and analysis for the
conversion of Shiawassee, Ionia, and Washtenaw Streets since early 1999. Existing
street dimensions, parking layouts, driveway and curb cut locations and traffic volumes
were collected for all three streets. Once these data were collected, an existing street
layout was prepared. A proposed layout for two-way traffic was then developed to
maximize on -street parking and provide safe and efficient operation for a[l roadway
users.
Traffic volume projections for the converted streets were developed using historical
traffic volumes and those collected during this study. These projected volumes were
then used to develop appropriate turn lanes and lane designations at all intersections.
At critical intersections along these three streets, the peak hour traffic volumes were
used to develop optimal signal timings and phasings. The operation of these
intersections was also evaluated for peak hour traffic to assess the impact the
conversion would have on vehicular delay.
Public Involvement
The Transportation and Parking Office mailed out meeting invitations and comment
flyers to approximately 300 addresses in the downtown for a July 21, 1999 public
meeting. These flyers were also sent to stakeholders including the Lansing Fire and
Police Departments, City Council members, the Mayor's Office, CATA, Lansing
Community College, the Public Service Department, selected County Commissioners,
and members of the Traffic and Planning Boards. Approximately twenty-five residents
and stakeholders attended this meeting. The attendees were generally supportive of
the change, but had concerns over the impacts the proposed conversion would have
on: 1) vehicular and pedestrian safety, 2) parking, 3) traffic speeds and volumes, 4)
cut -through traffic and 5) drug sales. Residents also expressed a desire for traffic
calming in the area and for a four-way stop or traffic signal at the intersection of Butler
and Shiawassee. Comments from meeting attendees are contained in the Appendix.
Written comments received from residents echo many of the comments made at the
public meeting. The written comments, however, express more divergent views on the
effects of the conversion. Some residents feel that one-way streets make an area more
residential, quieter, and safer for children, while others feel just the opposite. The
majority of the written comments received from residents are in support of the
conversion. These comments are contained in the Appendix. A petition was also
submitted by 39 residents from 31 households, primarily in the 700 - 1000 blocks of
Shiawassee Street, to maintain the one-way operation on Shiawassee and Ionia
Streets. This represents approximately 60 percent of the addresses in these blocks,
and 36 percent of the addresses along Shiawassee Street.
The Transportation and Parking Office has also been in contact with other stakeholders
including Lansing Community College, the Principal Shopping District, and the Lansing
Fire and Police Departments to gather input and work out any potential issues that the
conversion of these streets to two-way operation may pose.
The two-way street conversion plan was presented to the Planning Board, the Urban
Development Committee of the Planning Board, the Traffic Board and the Principal
Shopping District. The Planning Board referred the issue to its Urban Development
Committee for further review. The Urban Development Committee endorsed the plan
at its July 27, 1999 meeting. Based on the recommendation of this committee, the
Planning Board recommended the plan on a vote of 6 to 1 at its August 3, 1999
meeting. The Traffic Board heard public comment on the issue at its July 28, 1999
meeting and approved the report unanimously.
The report has been transmitted to the Mayor and forwarded to the City Council for
review and consideration. It will be also be considered by the Public Safety Committee.
Upon formal adoption by City Council, the three streets will be converted to two-way
operation during October/November 1999.
2
Analysis
Shiawassee, Ionia, and Washtenaw Streets currently operate as one-way streets for all
or a portion of their lengths between Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard to Grand
Avenue. Field data were collected, as described above, on each of these streets
including street and lane widths, driveway and curb cut locations, and traffic volumes.
The proposed two-way alignments were created by using the existing roadway
geometry, minimum lane widths of ten feet and parking bays of 7' x 22'. On -street
parking was retained or added whenever feasible. Some parking spaces, however,
have been eliminated to insure safe and efficient operation of the streets. The addition
of bicycle lanes to these streets was also investigated.
The following paragraphs summarize the existing conditions, proposed layout, and
impacts for each street. Figures showing the existing and proposed layouts for the
streets are shown in two -block segments following the summaries for each street.
SHIAWASSEE STREET
Existing Conditions
Shiawassee Street is one-way westbound between Grand Avenue and Martin Luther
King, Jr. Boulevard. It has three travel lanes between Grand Avenue and Capitol
Avenue and two travel lanes from Capitol Avenue to Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard.
Parking is permitted on both sides in the study area. Shiawassee Street supports
educational and governmental uses between Grand Avenue and Capitol Avenue and
single and multi -family residential units, park land and single-family residential units
converted to offices between Capitol Avenue and Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard.
Existing 24-hour traffic volumes on Shiawassee Street are approximately 7800 between
Grand and Capitol Avenues and range from 2100 near Martin Luther King, Jr.
Boulevard to 4900 near Capitol Avenue with minor variations between blocks in this
primarily residential area. The difference of approximately 2800 vehicles between the
east and west sides of Capitol Avenue is primarily a result of vehicles turning onto
Capitol Avenue.
Lansing Community College's main complex is on the north side of Shiawassee Street
between Grand and Capitol Avenues. This complex is a major pedestrian generator,
with pedestrians crossing at the Washington Mall, Capitol Avenue, and other mid -block
locations. Pedestrian volumes along and across Shiawassee Street between Seymour
Avenue and Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard are relatively light.
CATA operates its number 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, and 11 buses on Shiawassee between Grand
and Capitol Avenues with a stop just east of the Washington Mall on the north side of
the street. The number 11 bus continues west on Shiawassee, while the other routes
turn south onto Capitol Avenue.
Proposed Layout
The proposed cross-section for Shiawassee Street is one lane in each direction with
parking on both sides between Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard and Capitol Avenue.
Between Capitol Avenue and Grand Avenue, Shiawassee Street will have a three -lane
cross-section with parking on both sides. A pedestrian refuge island is proposed at the
Washington Mall crosswalk. Exclusive left turn lanes will be provided for eastbound
traffic at Grand Avenue and westbound traffic at Capitol Avenue. To accommodate the
projected heavy westbound left turn traffic at this intersection, this signal will operate
with an eastbound -westbound split phase. The current location of the CATA bus stop
near the Washington Mall will remain.
Impacts
Shiawassee Street is anticipated to see the largest impact of the conversion because
Shiawassee Street can be used to access Cedar and Larch Street as a thorough street
from M.L. King Jr. Boulevard, unlike Washtenaw and Ionia Streets which terminate at
Grand Avenue.
The number of on -street metered parking spaces along Shiawassee, between Grand
Avenue and Pine Street, will decrease from 114 to 103, a reduction of 11 spaces, or
approximately 10%. The non -metered spaces between Pine Street and Martin Luther
King, Jr. Boulevard will be minimally affected. A table showing the parking impacts by
block under the proposed layout are contained in the Appendix.
Bicycle lanes could be added on Shiawassee between Grand Avenue and Seymour
Avenue with no loss in parking spaces. The only design change required would be a
reconfiguration of the pedestrian refuge island at the Washington Mall. Bicycle lanes
could also be added between Seymour and approximately 200 feet west of Martin
Luther King, Jr. Boulevard by removing parking on one side of the street. This would
result in an additional loss of 21 metered spaces and approximately 19 non -metered
spaces for a total additional loss of 40 additional spaces.
Pedestrian safety should not be adversely affected with the two-way conversion, and
should improve in the vicinity of LCC with the installation of the pedestrian refuge
island. The installation of the pedestrian refuge island may also reduce jaywalking by
providing a crossing location that requires pedestrians to cross only one direction of
traffic at a time.
Shiawassee Street, as previously stated, is projected to carry more vehicular traffic
once converted to two-way, primarily because Ionia and Washtenaw both terminate at
Grand Avenue, reducing the attractiveness of these streets as through routes. The
increased traffic volumes and increased vehicular conflicts on Shiawassee, coupled
with the reduction of travel lanes, will result in increased vehicular delay on Shiawassee
Street. This is especially true at the intersections of Shiawassee with Capitol and
Grand Avenues.
4
To assess the impacts the conversion of Shiawassee to two-way operation will have on
vehicular traffic, delay analyses were performed at these intersections for the maximum
peak hour. This is the hour of highest total vehicular traffic at a particular intersection,
which normally occurs between 7 - 9 a.m. or 4 - 6 p.m. The delay experienced by
vehicles at an intersection is typically correlated with a letter grade, A-F, which denotes
a level of service. Level of service D is generally acceptable for peak hours in urban
locations. The average vehicular stopped delay in seconds per vehicle and
corresponding levels of service for the critical intersections on Shiawassee are shown -
below in Table 1.
Table 1: Shiawassee Street Peak Hour Capacitv Anal sis Results
Intersection
Average Stopped Delay
and Level of Service
Existing (One -Way)
Proposed (Two -Way)
Shiawassee at Capitol Avenue
9.6 seconds
21.2 seconds
-
B
- C
Shiawassee at Grand Avenue
10.2 seconds
16.0 seconds
B
C
Although delays at both intersections are projected to increase after the conversion,
these intersections will still operate at acceptable levels of service during the peak hour
based on the projected two-way volumes and proposed intersection layout.
5
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IONIA STREET
Existing Conditions
Ionia Street is currently one-way eastbound between Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard
and its terminus at Grand Avenue. It has two travel lanes with parking permitted on the
south side from Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard to Walnut Street and both sides from
Walnut Street to Grand Avenue. The land use on Ionia Street is a mixture of
residential, retail, office, religious and governmental, with the residential units west of
Walnut Street.
Traffic volumes on Ionia Street range from approximately 1900 vehicles per day near
Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard to over 4600 vehicles per day approaching Grand
Avenue. There is a pattern of generally increasing volume from west to east with minor
variations from block to block. The existing 24-hour volumes on Ionia along with the
year of data collection are shown in the Appendix.
Pedestrian volumes on Ionia are highest in the Washington Mall and Capitol Avenue
areas with lower volumes found along the rest of the street.
CATA currently provides service along Ionia Street on its route number 11.
Proposed Layout
The proposed cross-section for Ionia Street is one lane in each direction. Daytime
parking would be permitted on either the north or south side of the street between
Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard and Walnut Street. It is currently shown on the south
side in the proposed layout. Evening parking will generally be permitted on both sides
of this section of Ionia. The city-wide 2 - 5 a.m. on -street parking prohibition would
remain, however. Parking would be permitted on both sides of Ionia from Walnut Street
to Grand Avenue. A pedestrian refuge area is proposed at the Washington Mall
crosswalk.
Impacts
Shifts in traffic due to the two-way conversion are to expected to have the least impact
on Ionia Street and traffic volumes are actually projected to decrease after the two-way
conversion. This is due to the relative attractiveness of Shiawassee Street a through
route and the fact that Ottawa Street should continue to carry the majority of traffic
entering the CBD from the east. Ionia Street is expected to carry 600-1000 vehicles per
day in the westbound direction and 1000-2000 vehicles per day in the eastbound
direction. No significant operational problems have been identified on Ionia Street.
The number of on -street metered parking spaces along Ionia, between Grand Avenue
and Pine Street, will change from 106 to 67 a reduction of 39 spaces, or about 37%.
The non -metered spaces between Pine Street and Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard
10
would be minimally affected. A table showing the parking impacts by block for the
proposed layout is contained in the Appendix.
Bicycle lanes could be installed in one direction on Ionia Street between Grand Avenue
and Walnut Street by redesigning the pedestrian refuge island. If bicycle lanes were
desired in both directions, parking would need to be eliminated on one side of the
street, resulting in a loss of approximately 24 spaces in this four block area. West of
Walnut, the inclusion of bicycle lanes would require the elimination of 13 metered and
approximately 15 non -metered spaces. With this design, it is assumed that residents
could park on the streets in the evening hours. If not, all parking in these five blocks
would need to be eliminated to provide for the bicycle lanes. Overall, the inclusion of
bicycle lanes would increase the parking losses by 37 metered and 15 non -metered
spaces.
Capacity analyses, performed at the intersection of Ionia and Capitol indicate that the
intersection will operate a Level of Service B after conversion, and delay will increase
slightly. This is due primarily to the introduction of westbound left turns that will conflict
with eastbound through traffic. The projected volume reduction on Ionia Street, will
decrease delay, however, due to increased vehicular conflicts, the net effect is an
increase in average delay of under one second.
Table 2: Ionia Street Peak Hour Ca acitv Analysis Results
Intersection
Average Stopped Delay
and Level of Service
Existing (One -Way)
Proposed (Two -Way)
Ionia Street & Capitol Avenue
8.0 seconds
8.9 seconds
B
B
Similarlo Shiawassee, pedestrian safety should not be adversely affected, and should
improve in the vicinity of the Washington Mall with the installation of the pedestrian
refuge area. The overall reduction in traffic volumes should also have a positive impact
on pedestrian safety.
11
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WASHTENAW STREET
Existing .Conditions
Washtenaw Street is a two-lane one-way roadway that runs westbound between Grand
Avenue and Pine Street. Between Pine and Sycamore, Washtenaw is two-way.
Parking is permitted on both sides of Washtenaw from Grand to Pine, except between
Townsend and Walnut, where it is prohibited on the north side.
Office and retail uses are found along Washtenaw Street in the study area, including
several large parking lots and governmental buildings. There is moderate pedestrian
activity along Washtenaw from Sycamore to Grand, with higher activity between Walnut
and Washington.
Twenty-four hour traffic volumes are between 2400 and 2700 between Pine and
Washington, about 1600 between Grand and Washington, and less than 1700 in the
two-way section between Sycamore and Pine. The existing 24-hour volumes on
-. Washtenaw along with the year the data were collected are shown in the Appendix.
CATA currently provides service along Washtenaw on its route number 5.
Proposed Layout
The proposed layout for Washtenaw Street is one travel lane in each direction with
parking permitted on both sides of the street. Parking spaces will be parallel except
between Capitol Avenue and Washington Square where, given the wide cross-section
in this area, angled parking will be provided to maximize available parking
Impacts
Traffic volumes on Washtenaw Street are projected to increase by 1000 - 1500 vehicles
per day after the two-way conversion due to the ability of traffic to travel eastbound from
the State parking lots at the western terminus of Washtenaw and the ability for
motorists to travel eastbound to reach businesses along Washtenaw. It is anticipated
that approximately 1200-1500 eastbound vehicles per day will use Washtenaw Street
between Pine Street and Walnut Street. This traffic will shift from both Allegan and
Kalamazoo. In addition 300-500 vehicles per day are estimated to turn east off of
Walnut Street onto Washtenaw Street to enter the core Central Business District. No
significant operational problems have been identified on Washtenaw Street.
The number of on -street metered parking spaces along Washtenaw, between Grand
Avenue and Pine Street, will go from 122 to 121, a loss of only one space. Fifteen
spaces are gained, however, between Capitol and Washington, adjacent to the
Washington Avenue retail area. The area of no parking between Pine and Sycamore
will not be affected. A table showing the parking impacts by block under the proposed
layout is contained in the Appendix.
fiL
Bicycle lanes could be added to Washtenaw Street between Grand and Washington
Avenues and between Capitol Avenue and Townsend Street with no loss in existing
parking spaces. To install bicycle lanes in both directions on Washtenaw between
Washington and Capitol would require replacing the angled parking with parallel
parking, resulting in a loss of 8 additional spaces. If bicycle lanes were added in both
directions between Washtenaw and Townsend, parking would need to be eliminated on
one side, resulting in the loss of approximately 28 additional parking spaces. No
changes are required to Washtenaw between Pine and Sycamore to add bicycle lanes.
Bicycle lanes could be added in one direction on Washtenaw with no loss in parking.
Capacity analyses performed at the intersection of Washtenaw and Walnut confirm that
the addition of eastbound traffic will not have an adverse impact on traffic operations.
The analysis results, shown below in Table 3, indicate the average delay will decrease
slightly for the peak hour. This reduction in delay is the result of signal timing
optimization.
Table 3: Washtenaw Street Peak Hour Capacity Analysis Results
Intersection
Average Stopped Delay
and Level of Service
Existing (One -Way)
Proposed (Two -Way)
Washtenaw & Walnut Street
9.4 seconds
8.8 seconds
B
B
Pedestrian safety should not be adversely affected along Washtenaw Street due to
relatively short distances between signalized intersections in the high pedestrian areas,
all of which have pedestrian indications to help pedestrians cross safely.
17
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ADDITIONAL IMPACTS
In addition to the impacts discussed in the sections on the individual streets, the
following sections present the impacts of the proposed two-way conversion on
emergency response, traffic operations and safety, parking, and changes to north -south
streets. This information generally supplements the street by street information and
describes overall impacts as well.
Emergency Response
The Transportation and Parking Office has been in contact with the Lansing Fire and
Police Departments to discuss any impacts the departments anticipate as a result of the
two-way conversion. Discussions with LFD and LPD indicate that neither department
feels the two-way conversion will adversely impact emergency response times in the
area. Response times may even improve in some situations due to improved
accessibility resulting from more direct routes. LFD is concerned, however, that on the
single travel lane sections of Shiawassee, maneuvering of their largest equipment will
be more difficult.
Traffic Operations and Safety
The conversion of streets from one-way to two-way operation will have numerous
impacts on traffic patterns, volumes, and speeds. Since routes will generally be more
direct, the need to circle around the block to reach a destination will be reduced. Traffic
volumes for the area, therefore, could be reduced overall. There is, however, the
likelihood that volumes will increase on certain sections of streets. The Transportation
and Parking Office's analysis projects that overall, volumes on Shiawassee will increase
due to this streets connection across the river and the fact that it serves LCC and the
parking ramp at the corner of Capitol Avenue and Shiawassee. The conversion of the
traffic to two-way and the introduction of an opposing direction of traffic should also
reduce speeds to some degree.
The,reduction in traffic volumes and speeds on Ionia and Washtenaw Streets should
have a positive impact on traffic safety. In addition, accidents caused when vehicles
turn the wrong way down a one-way street will be eliminated and those caused when
vehicles turn from the wrong lane will be virtually eliminated. Analysis of accident data
from 1994-1998 indicates that overall, about 25% of the existing accidents could
potentially be eliminated with the two-way conversion.
Table 4: Potential Reduction of Existing Accidents
Street
Total Accidents
1994-1998
Potentially Eliminated by Two -Way
Number
Percent
Shiawassee
157
30
19
Ionia
113
40
35
Washtenaw
60
12
20
Overall
330
82
25
21
As part of the Transportation and Parking Office's program to modernize the traffic
signals in the City, almost all of the traffic signals on these three streets will be
modernized in conjunction with the two-way conversion. Many of the signal heads will
also be upgraded from 8" to 12" diameter lenses. This more than doubles the size of
the signal indications, improving visibility. National statistics indicate that upgrading
signal heads from 8" lenses to 12" produces a 22% reduction in fatal and injury
accidents.
Conversely, the conversion to two-way traffic will introduce additional conflicting
movements at intersections and will increase the possibility for certain types of
accidents. Given the fact that the impacts of the two-way conversion will affect accident
rates differently, it is virtually impossible to project the overall impact of the conversion
on accidents. Since about one -quarter of the current accidents could be eliminated with
the conversion to two-way traffic, it is projected that overall accident rates will remain
near current levels.
Parking
The detailed descriptions of the proposed layouts for the Shiawassee, Ionia, and
Washtenaw present the impacts the conversion would have on parking for these three
streets. To further assess the degree to which this parking loss would affect parkers,
the Transportation and Parking Office performed a parking occupancy survey to
determine the percent of existing parking spaces that were typically occupied. These
data were collected for two weekdays at 10 AM and 2 PM, which typically represent
peak occupancy. Table 3 below shows a summary of the parking occupancy data. A
table containing all the data collected for the survey is contained in the Appendix.
Table 5: Metered Parking Space Utilization
Shiawassee
Ionia
Washtenaw
Block
Occupied
Spaces
%
Occupied
Spaces
%
Occupied
Spaces
%
Pine to Walnut
13
40
31
6
21
28
16
50
32
Walnut to Seymour/Townsend
5
19
25
0
22
1
5
6
83
Seymour/Townsend to Capitol
16 '
23 .
70
7
22
31
13
23
55
Capitol to Washington
20
22
90
17
21
84
19
23
80
Washington to Grand
6
10
58
12
20 1
61
12
20
59
Overall 1
60 1114
1
53 1
42 1106
140
1
65 1
122
53
It should be noted that this survey was performed in July, 1999, while Lansing
Community College's enrollment, and parking demand is lower. The data for
Shiawassee between Grand and Seymour and for Ionia, to a lesser degree, for these
same blocks understates the true parking demand. These -areas will be re -surveyed
once LCC's fall term begins.
22
The data collected indicate a that meter utilization can change significantly between
blocks and that overall meter utilization at the time of the survey was approximately
50%. Since loss of parking is a critical issue, meter utilization data will be gathered
again in early September, as previously stated. This will insure that the demand
created by LCC students and other visitors is accurately reflected in the analysis.
Bicycle Lanes
The addition of bicycle lanes to these three streets, as detailed in the sections on each
street, would result in the loss of parking. Due to the demand for parking in the
downtown area, the creation of a pair of one-way bicycle lanes on Washtenaw and
Kalamazoo was investigated. A westbound bicycle lane could be created on
Washtenaw Street with modifications to the parking between Capitol and Washington
Avenues. An eastbound lane on Kalamazoo, however, would require either 1) the
narrowing the travel lanes to 9.5', below the City's downtown standard of 10', 2) the
elimination of one eastbound lane from Townsend to Sycamore and the elimination of
at least 12 parking spaces between Townsend and Grand, or 3) the widening of
Kalamazoo by up to 4. —
Changes to North -South Streets
As mentioned in the section on traffic operations, overall traffic volumes in the area
should decrease due to the more direct nature of trips with a two-way street. The vast
majority of this volume reduction is projected to occur on the north -south streets in the
blocks between the current Ionia/Shiawassee one-way pair and the former
Kalamazoo/Washtenaw one-way pair.
In addition to the reduced volumes that are projected as an effect of the conversion,
some modifications to the north -south streets will also be needed to accommodate the
changes in traffic operations. On Grand Avenue south of Shiawassee Street, the
second lane from the west will need to be changed from a through -left combination lane
to an exclusive through lane since there will only be one acceptance lane on
Shiawassee Street. On Capitol Avenue north of Ionia Street, the second lane from the
east lane will be changed from a through only lane to a through -left option lane. The
existing exclusive left turn lane will be eliminated to allow for the installation of parking
meters.
IMPLEMENTATION
It is currently anticipated that these three streets could be converted during the Fall of
1999. This will include the. restriping of the roadways, changing and removal of traffic
signs, traffic signal modifications, changes in parking meter placement and meter
removals, and installation of pedestrian refuge islands. The projected costs for these
items are listed in Table 6 on the following page.
23
Table 6: Projected Implementation Costs
Item
Projected Cost
Pavement Striping
$20,000
Traffic Signal Modifications
$10,000
Traffic Sign Removals and Installations
$10,000
Parking Meter Changes
$5,000
Installation of Temporary Pedestrian Islands
$1,000
Total
$46,000
These costs are based on conversion of these streets in conjunction with planned
maintenance activities. Signal modernizations in this area have been planned in
anticipation of this conversion, resulting in an incremental cost for signal improvements
of approximately-$1-0,000. Sign maintenance on these streets has also been deferred,
so a significant portion of these signage costs are actually routine maintenance costs.
The parking meter changes, pavement marking changes, and installation of pedestrian
islands are costs that would not have been incurred without the conversion to two-way
operation.
The Transportation and Parking Office develops its budget to accommodate special
projects, which fall outside routine maintenance. Last fall, the Office restriped and.
signed Kalamazoo Street from four lanes to three lanes with existing funding. The
scope of the signing and striping for the planned two-way street conversion project is
similar to the Kalamazoo Street project. Based on past experience, the Transportation
and Parking Office has determined that the incremental costs associated with the
Phase I two-way conversion can be incorporated into its existing work program and paid
for through existing funding sources.
RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
The proposed layout will allow traffic to flow efficiently on the three streets converted to
two-way operation, though with some loss in existing parking. The addition of bicycle
lanes on Shiawassee and Ionia Streets is not recommended by the Transportation and
Parking Office at the present time due to the additional losses in on -street parking that
would result from the creation of bicycle lanes. Based on initial analysis, however, the
Transportation and Parking Office, does feel that the creation of a pair of one-way
bicycle lanes on Washtenaw and Kalamazoo may be feasible and will be evaluated
further during final engineering design.
Along with the initial changes in operation on Washtenaw, Ionia and Shiawassee
Streets, the Transportation & Parking Office recommends that a few other infrastructure
improvements be made in the near future. The first is the installation of permanent
refuge islands on Ionia and Shiawassee Streets between Grand Avenue and Capitol
24
7 1 ,
Avenue. The second improvement is to modify the curb radius on the northeast corner
of Walnut Street and Washtenaw Street. The third improvement is the reconstruction
of the curb on the south side of Washtenaw Street between Grand Avenue and
Washington Square is recommended. These improvements will insure that traffic
continues to operate smoothly on both the one-way and two-way street network in the
downtown area.
The Transportation and Parking Office concludes, based on its analysis of the proposed
layouts for Shiawassee, Ionia, and Washtenaw Streets, that the conversion of these
streets to two-way operation can be carried out while maintaining acceptable to high
levels of service for vehicular traffic and maintaining or improving pedestrian safety.
Operational issues posed by the conversion can be addressed within the current
roadway geometry and with the current traffic signal system. Although some degree of
parking will be lost on all streets as a result of the conversion, the losses of parking
have been minimized and parking spaces will only be removed when necessary to
provide safe and efficient traffic flow along these streets.
25
APPENDIX
RESIDENT WRITTEN COMMENTS
Penny Zago
621 W. Shiawassee
I strongly support the proposed plan to change Washtenaw, Ionia, and Shiawassee to
two-way streets. The change will provide much needed traffic calming and will enhance
the quality of the neighborhood community. The downtown neighborhood is no longer
an empty area to be endured as workers rush into and out of the city each day. It's
time to transform these three pseudo -expressways back to neighborhood streets.
Restoring the two-way directionality will also reduce the cross -through traffic in our alley
on the 600 block of Shiawassee. Finally, I dismiss the concern that these changes will
be dangerous for neighborhood children. While young people will need to adjust to the
changes, they will be safe watching for slower two-way traffic than they are on the
current fast tracks with occasional cars going the wrong way, a way children would not
anticipate. For these reasons, I support the proposed changes on Washtenaw, Ionia,
and Shiawassee Streets.
John Ruge
201 Lathrop
We need bicycle lanes into/out of and throughout downtown.
Ellen Kays
427 W. Shiawassee ,
I strongly support the conversion to two-way of the streets in question. For reasons of
convenience to the residents - elementary needs to go four blocks out of your way to go
in your own driveway. [The conversion will also help] with the horrendous noise factor -
one cannot converse in one's own living room at certain times of day. Also for reasons
of perception. We're now saying to out-of-towners - "Zoom in as fast as you can. Do
your business, get out as fast as you can!" Implication: "Get in and out of this horrible
place as quickly as possible." This is insulting to those who choose to live in the area!
Ronn Blodgett
The Mole Hole
234 S. Washington
I am looking forward to Washtenaw being a two-way street! It should be beneficial to
the downtown merchants.
Dave Pruehs
722 W. Ionia
Two-way [streets are] more dangerous for pedestrians - [you] have cars coming from
both directions. Turning left from businesses or driveways you have to cross traffic
patterns. Ionia is too narrow for two-way plus parking - very dangerous. Two-way
streets do flow traffic better - that's why the exist. Plan for the future!! Visitors etc. can
handle one-way streets with minor inconveniences.
Robert J. Egan
733 Shiawassee
I am totally in favor of the conversion to two-way of Washtenaw, Ionia and Shiawassee
Streets. Having lived at the same location on Shiawassee Street in Downtown for
fourteen years, I believe the proposed conversion will simplify maneuvering the streets
for residents and visitors alike. With gems like our State Capitol, the State Library, the
proposed Hall of Justice and the new stadium, people coming to Downtown don't need
the frustration of trying to figure out how to get to their location without fighting one-way
streets. I am convinced too that the proposed changes will alter the traffic patterns in
our residential areas for the better. I look forward to the implementation to theses and
the other. changes suggested in the Comprehensive Plan.
Cindy Redman
609 W. Shiawassee
I am completely AGAINST this conversion. Having Shiawassee Street a one-way street
makes it more residential and quiet. If you feel the need to change something, how
about adding parking meters to one more block going west. My friends can't find
parking near my house during the week because spaces are used from 7:30 - 4:30.
Walter Maner
Michigan Plumbing and Mech. Contractors Assn.
400 N. Walnut
We support the two-way street concept.
Ellen Moore for
First Baptist Church
227 N Capitol Avenue.
We are concerned about parking, especially on Ionia Street.
Margaret B. Holmes
809 Tanglewood
East Lansing
Thank you for all the efforts to date regarding the conversion of Washtenaw, Ionia and
Shiawassee Streets to two-way. Long overdue! However, Allegan and Ottawa concern
me. I realize traffic will increase in the future, so considerations must be kept.
RESIDENT COMMENTS FROM JULY 21, 1999 PUBLIC MEETING
STEPHANIE WHITBECK
620 W. Ionia
• Indicated there is a larger problem with the speed and not the volume of traffic.
• Inquired about speed predictions after.the conversion to two-way.
• Stated that parking is allowed at night on Ionia, but is not used because of the
narrow roadway.
• Questioned whether drivers would slow down or just find another route if one-way
streets were converted to two-way.
• Suggested restricting traffic exiting the State parking lot from turning - to keep the
traffic in one general direction and not allowing cut -through vehicles.
HAZEL BETHEA —
1002 W. Shiawassee
• Inquired about on -street parking in the 900-1000 block of MLK.
• Suggested installation of a stoplight or a four-way stop at the Shiawassee/Butler
and Ionia/Butler intersections.
• Questioned whether a 4-way stop would be better for the Shiawassee/Butler
intersection than a conversion to a 2-way street.
• Concerned that the number of accidents will increase if the roads are converted
from one-way to two-way.
• Concerned with the safety of the children in her neighborhood.
• Questioned the reason for converting to one-way, when it was converted 30 years
ago.
• Inquired whether the island on MLK near Ionia will be removed and also whether
southbound traffic on MLK will be allowed to turn left onto Ionia.
CAL ANDERSON
1112 W. Maple Street
Feels that there is no convenient way to travel around the Capitol, making it
difficult for both residents and tourists. Anderson is interested in the two-way
conversion proposal, but believes there will be a tremendous impact if started
further south. Would like to see Ottawa and Allegan included in the plans.
I I p
BOB COCHRAN
403 N. Sycamore
• Agrees with Hazel Bethea on looking into installing a traffic signal or four-way stop
at Shiawassee/Butler.
• Indicated a problem with beer and wine bottles on one-way Genesee and not on
two-way Pine.
• Suggested changing the striping on streets to slow traffic.
• Indicated a sight distance problem with crab apple trees planted around the
Sycamore/Shiawassee/Genesee area.
ELLEN SPROULS
616 W. Ionia
• Questioned the possible use of rumble strips to slow traffic.
• Indicated a problem of high speeds from vehicles on Ionia approaching Pine.
• Supported the proposed two-way conversion. Believes that by creating a more
residential neighborhood, with a two-way street and parking on both sides, this will
force cars to slow down.
STEVE NOBLE
926 W. Shiawassee
• Indicated a sight obstruction problem at the intersection of Butler/Shiawassee on
the southeast corner.
RESIDENT
1005 W. Ionia
• Interested in the vehicular volumes and speeds on Ionia.
• Questioned the idea of parking ,on both the north and south side of Ionia.
Concerned that the roadway would not be wide enough.
LAURA WEFEL
923 W. Ionia
• Questioned what exactly will be done to accomplish slowing down traffic.
• Concerned with the safety of the pedestrians in her neighborhood.
CAROL WOOD
1018 W. Lapeer
• Inquired about projected traffic flow after the completion of the project.
• Questioned the statement that a study would not be completed on this area until
next fall.
. I y
MICHELLE REURIAH
925 W. Ionia
• Inquired about the time line for this project.
JACK SIEBALD
305 N. Butler
• Questioned turning Washtenaw into a two-way street when it is so short of a
street.
• Expressed concern of drug sales taking place on Butler.
WES WISHARD
629 W. Genesee
• Expressed concern with the two-way conversion creating problems at the PM peak
hour. Worried about cut -through traffic finding the less congested route home -
creating a funnel on certain streets.
• Believes that by leaving streets one-way, this will cut down on the amount of cut -
through traffic.
BILL WHITBECK
620 W. Ionia
• Supports the proposed two-way conversion.
• Feels that two-way streets create a more residential setting and slows traffic.
• Feels that one-way streets were used to help people from outside of the city to get
in and out fast.
JULIE KESSLER WISHARD
924 W. Genesee
• Expressed concern over drug sales taking place on Butler.
• Believes that a two-way street would enhance the drug sales in her neighborhood.
RESIDENT
924 W. Genesee
• Stated that traffic is different now than when LCC is in session.
• Would like to see traffic calming possibilities looked into for Sycamore and Butler.
• Indicated that there is a sight distance problem at Sycamore/Shiawassee
intersection due to on -street parking - creating a problem for traffic crossing
Shiawassee.
y
AGENCY RESPONSES
Lansing Community College (LCC)
LCC has expressed concerns over the following as a result of the conversion of
Shiawassee Street: 1) pedestrian safety crossing the street, 2) the loss of a drop-
off/pick-up point on the north side, 3) truck access from Shiawassee, and 4) access
to/from the College's lots onto Shiawassee. LCC also expressed concerns over traffic
operations if Capitol and/or Grand are converted to two-way as a result of Phase II of
this study.
Lansing Police Department (LPD)
The Lansing Police Department expressed concern over the potential for speeding on
Shiawassee due in part to increased access from the west and requested that a four-
way stop be installed at the intersection of Shiawassee and Butler. LPD indicated that
they will run speed enforcement in this area. LPD is also working on a program to
reduce drug traffic in the area through environmental measures such as restricting
access to certain streets. The Transportation and Parking Office will work with LPD to
develop appropriate measures to control speeds in the area and reduce drug activity.
Lansing Fire Department (LFD)
The Lansing Fire Department expressed concern over the fact that these converted
streets would be only one lane in each direction with parking. This presents a
possibility that vehicles will not be able to move out of the way of fire trucks and that fire
trucks would need to pass these vehicles by crossingthe center line. Concern was also
expressed over possible narrow widths, which could make driving the larger equipment
more of a challenge.
Capitol Area Transportation Authority (CATA)
CATA had concerns over the original design for the bus stop on Shiawassee in front of
LCC. The Transportation and Parking Office modified the parking in this area to
address CATA's concerns and will continue to work with them to address other
operational issues that may arise as part of this conversion.
State of Michigan
The Transportation and Parking Office has been in consultation with representatives
from the State of Michigan regarding the impacts the conversion of one-way streets to
two-way would have on state facilities and employees. No response has been received
on the conversion of Shiawassee, Ionia, or Washtenaw.
Principal Shopping District
The Principal Shopping District Board of Directors is on record supporting, in principle,
the conversion of Shiawassee, Ionia, and Washtenaw Street from one-way to two-way
operation. The Board also evaluated the two-way conversion proposed in this report
and voted to support it at their August 31, 1999 meeting.
EXISTING STREET CHARACTERISTICS
Shiawassee Street
BLOCK
WIDTH
PARKING
# TRAVEL LANES
Grand to Capitol
55 ft
both sides
3 Westbound
Capitol to Seymour
45 ft
both sides
2 Westbound
Seymour to Walnut
36 ft
both sides
2 Westbound
Walnut to Chestnut
36 ft
both sides
2 Westbound
Chestnut to Pine
36 ft
both sides
2 Westbound
Pine to Sycamore
36 ft
both sides
2 Westbound
Sycamore to Butler
36 ft
both sides
2 Westbound
Butler to M.L. King Jr.
36 ft
both sides
2 Westbound
Ionia Street
BLOCK
WIDTH
PARKING
# TRAVEL LANES
Grand to Capitol
40 ft
both sides
2 Eastbound
Capitol to Seymour
40 ft
both sides
2 Eastbound
Seymour to Walnut
40 ft
both sides
2 Eastbound
Walnut to Chestnut
30 ft
south side
2 Eastbound
Chestnut to Pine
30 ft
south side *
2 Eastbound
Pine to Sycamore
30 ft
south side**
2 Eastbound
Sycamore to Butler
30 ft
south side**
2 Eastbound
Butler to M.L. King Jr.
30 ft
south side**
2 Eastbound
* angled parking in front of commercial buildings
** parking is prohibited between 7:00 AM and 7:00 PM on the north side
Washtenaw Street
BLOCK
WIDTH
PARKING
# TRAVEL LANES
Grand to Washington
44 ft
both sides
2 Westbound
Washington to Capitol
55 ft
both sides
2 Westbound
Capitol to Townsend
44 ft
both sides
2 Westbound
Townsend to Walnut
40 ft
south side
2 Westbound
Walnut to Pine
40 ft
both sides
2 Westbound
Pine to Sycamore
30 ft
none
1 Eastbound
1 Westbound
PROPOSED TWO-WAY LANE DESIGNATIONS
The following tables summarize lane assignments at each intersection:
Shiawassee Street
Intersection
EB APPROACH LANES
WB APPROACH LANES
Grand Avenue
1 thru lane, 1 left -turn lane
1 thru lane, 1 right -turn lane
Capitol Avenue
1 thru lane, 1 right -turn lane
1 thru lane, 1 left turn lane
Seymour Street
1 thru lane, 1 left -turn lane
1 thru lane, 1 left -turn lane
Walnut Street
1 thru lane, 1 left -turn lane
1 lane
at Chestnut Street
1 lane
1 lane
Pine Street
1 lane
1 thru lane, 1 left -turn
Sycamore Street
1 lane
1 lane
Butler Street
1 lane
1 lane
M.L. King Jr. Blvd
1 lane
1 thru lane, 1 left-tum lane
Ionia Street
Intersection
EB APPROACH LANES
WB APPROACH LANES
at Grand Avenue
2 left -turn lanes
N.A.
Capitol Avenue
1 'lane
1 thru lane, 1 left -turn lane
Seymour Street
1 lane
1 lane
Walnut Street
1 thru lane, 1 left -turn lane
1 thru lane
Chestnut Street
1 lane
1 lane
Pine Street
1 lane
1 thru lane, 1 left -turn lane
Sycamore Street
1 lane
1 lane
Butler Street
1 lane
1 lane
M.L. King Jr. Blvd
n/a
1 left -turn lane
Washtenaw Street
Intersection
EB APPROACH LANES
WB APPROACH LANES
Grand Avenue
1 left -turn lane
n/a
Washington Avenue
1 lane
1 lane
Capitol Avenue
1 thru lane, 1 right -turn lane
1 thru lane, 1 left -turn lane
Townsend Street
1 lane
1 lane
Walnut Street
1 thru, 1 left -turn lane
1 thru lane, 1 right -turn lane
Pine Street
1 thru lane, 1 right -turn lane
1 thru lane, 1 left -turn lane
Sycamore Avenue
1 lane
1 lane
PARKING SPACE COMPARISON
Shiawassee Street
Block
EXISTING PARKING SPACES
PROPOSED PARKING SPACES
Change
NORTH SIDE
SOUTH SIDE
NORTH SIDE
SOUTH SIDE
Grand to Capitol
10 metered
22 metered
15 metered
19 metered
+2
Capitol to Seymour
11 metered
12 metered
9 metered
10 metered
(4)
Seymour to Walnut
9 metered
10 metered
7 metered
8 metered
(-4)
Walnut to Chestnut
13 metered
8 metered
11 metered
8 metered
(-2)
Chestnut to Pine
14 metered
5 metered
11 metered
5 metered
(-3)
Pine to Sycamore
2 Hr Limit, 8 am
2 Hr Limit, 8 am
unrestricted w/
unrestricted w/
_
- 6 pm w/ corner
- 6 pm w/corner
corner
corner
clearances
clearances
clearances
clearances
Sycamore to Butler
2 Hr. Limit, 8 am
2 Hr Limit, 8 am
unrestricted w/
unrestricted w/
_
- 6 pm w/ corner
- 6 pm w/ corner
corner
corner
clearances
clearances
clearances
clearances
Butler to M.L. King
unrestricted
unrestricted
unrestricted w/
unrestricted w/
_
Jr.
NP 200 ft. east
NP 200 ft. east
corner
corner
of MLK Jr. I
of MLK Jr.
clearances I
clearances
Ionia Street
Block
EXISTING PARKING SPACES
PROPOSED PARKING SPACES
Change
NORTH SIDE
SOUTH SIDE
NORTH SIDE
SOUTH SIDE
Grand to Capitol
25 metered
17 metered
15 metered
9 metered
(-18)
Capitol to Seymour
11 metered
11 metered
7 metered
7 metered
(-8)
Seymour to Walnut
8 metered
13 metered
5 metered
8 metered
(-8)
Walnut to Chestnut
NP 7 am-7 pm
9 metered
NP 7 am-7 pm
6 metered
(-3)
Chestnut to Pine
NP 7 am-7 pm
6 metered
6 angled metered
NP 7 am-7 pm
4 metered
6 angled metered
(_2)
Pine to Sycamore
NP 7 am-7 pm
2 HR Parking
8 am - 6 pm
NP 7 am-7 pm
unrestricted
corner clearances
-
Sycamore to Butler
NP 7 am-7 pm
2 HR Parking
8 am - 6 pm
NP 7 am-7 pm
unrestricted w/
corner clearances
-
Butler to M.L. King Jr.
NP 7 am-7 pm
unrestricted w/
corner clearances
NP 7 am-7 pm
unrestricted w/
corner clearances
-
< 1 1,
Washtenaw Street
Block
EXISTING PARKING SPACES
PROPOSED PARKING SPACES
Change
NORTH SIDE
SOUTH SIDE
NORTH SIDE
SOUTH SIDE
Grand to
Washington
10 METERED
10 METERED
9 METERED
10 METERED
0)
Washington to
Capitol
10 METERED
13 METERED
11 METERED*
19 METERED*
+7
Capitol to
Townsend.
11 METERED
12 METERED
10 METERED
8 METERED
(-5)
Townsend to
Walnut
(ZERO)
6 METERED
10 METERED
5 METERED
+9
Walnut to Pine
23 METERED
27 METERED
18 METERED
21 METERED
(-11)
Pine to Sycamore
(ZERO)
(ZERO)
(ZERO)
(ZERO)
-
Metered Snace Utilization Data - Auaust 1999
Shiawassee
Washt naw
Ionia
Block
Time
Occupied
Spaces
%
Occupied
Spaces
%
OccurAed
Spaces
%
Grand to
Washington
10 AM
3
10
30
14
20
70
7
20
35
10 AM
8
10
80
15
20
75
13
20
65
2 PM
4
10
40
5
20
25
1 17
20
85
2 PM
8
10
80
13
1 20
65
12
20
60
Averacie
6
10
58
12
20
59
12
20
61
Washington
to Capital
10 AM
21
22
95
17
23
74
14
21
75
10 AM
21
22
95
21.
23
91
20
21
95
2 PM
19
22
86
18
23
78
20
21
95
2 PM
18
22
82
18
1 23
78
15
21
71
Average
20
22
90
18
23
80
17
21
84
Capital to
Townsend
(Seymour)
10 AM
15
23
65
9
23
39
6
22
27
10 AM
18
23
78
12
23
52
11
22
50
2 PM
15
23
65
16
23
70
6
22
27
— 2 PM
16
23
70
13
1 23
57 _
4
22
18
Average
16
23
70
12
23
54
7
22
30
Townsend
(Seymour)
to Walnut
10 AM
0
19
0
5
6
83
0
22
0
10 AM
16
19
84
5
6
83
1
22
5,
2 PM
2
19
11
5
6
83
0
22
0
2 PM
1
19
5
5
6
83
0
22
0
Average
5
19
25
5
6
83
0
22
1
Walnut to
Pine
10 AM
14
40
35
15
50
30
2
21
10
10 AM
4
40
1
15
50
30
6
21
29
2 PM
17
40
43
15
50
30
8
21
38
2 PM
17
40
1 43 1
18
1 50 1
36 1
7
21
33
Avera a
13
40
1 30 1
16
1 50 1
32 1
6
21
28
A '< f ► a,
TWO-WAY CONVERSION ACCIDENT ANALYSIS
As part of the two-way street conversion analysis, the Transportation and Parking Office
reviewed the reported accidents at intersections on Shiawassee, Ionia, and Washtenaw
to determine which accidents may have been avoided if the streets were two way.
These accidents were primarily those in which a vehicle in one of the interior lanes
attempted to make a turn at an intersection in front of a vehicle continuing straight in the
curb lane (left turn angle) and those in which a vehicle turned the wrong way down a
one-way street. The table below shows the reported accidents for the five-year period
1994-1998.
Five Year Accident Statistics (1994-1998
Intersection
5-Year
Accident Total
Potentially Correctable with
Two -Way Traffic
Number
Percent
Shiawassee at
M.L. King, Jr. Blvd.
35
0
0
Butler Street
20
6
30
Sycamore Street
6
0
0
Pine Street
5
1
20
Chestnut Street
6
2
33
Walnut Street
13
1
7
Seymour Avenue
17
8
47
Capitol Avenue
29
3
10
Grand Avenue
26
9
35
Subtotal
157
30
19
Ionia
M.L. King, Jr. Blvd.
12
0
0
Butler Street
18
13
72
Sycamore Street
9
7
78
Pine Street
19
6
32
Chestnut Street
11
3
27
Walnut Street
8
1
13
Seymour Avenue
6
1
17
Capitol Avenue
18
9
50
Grand Avenue
12
0
0
Subtotal
113
40
35
Intersection
5-Year
Accident Total
Potentially Correctable with
Two -Way Traffic
Number
Percent
Washtenaw
Pine Street
13
6
46
Walnut Street
14
1
7
Townsend Street
8
1
13
Capitol Avenue
11
4
36
Washington Avenue
4
0
0
Grand Avenue
10
0
0
Subtotal
60
12
20
Grand Total
330
82
25
The reported accident statistics at these intersections indicate that existing accidents
could be reduced by approximately 25% by converting these three streets to two-way
operation. These reductions in accidents, however, will be offset by increases in other
accident types that were not present under the existing one-way operation and by
increased volumes on some streets.
s '4 e•
LEGEND
Current Volumes with Year XXX (9b
Generated Volumes x)oc
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